Distinguishing adjectives in Vietnamese is quite complicated. To clarify this issue, this lesson will help you better understand the types of adjectives in Vietnamese.
Adjectives are words that describe characteristics or properties of things, activities, states. There are three types of characteristic adjectives: Feature adjectives, property adjectives, and state adjectives. Adjectives are usually placed after nouns: “Quả táo đỏ” (red apple).
Adjectives in Vietnamese can be classified into:
| Vietnamese | English |
|
Tính từ chỉ phẩm chất: tốt xấu sạch bẩn đúng sai hèn nhát |
Adjectives of qualities: good bad clean dirty right wrong cowardly |
|
Tính từ chỉ màu sắc: xanh đỏ tím vàng xám đen trắng nâu chàm |
Color adjectives: blue red purple yellow gray black white brown indigo |
|
Tính từ chỉ kích thước: cao thấp rộng hẹp dài ngắn to nhỏ bé khổng lồ tí hon mỏng dày |
Adjectives of size: tall short wide narrow long short big small small giant tiny thin thick |
|
Tính từ chỉ hình dáng: vuông tròn cong thẳng quanh co thoi |
Adjectives for shape: square round curved straight winding rhombus |
|
Tính từ chỉ âm thanh: ồn ồn ào trầm bổng vang |
Adjectives for sound: noisy noisy low high resonant |
|
Tính từ chỉ hương vị: thơm thối hôi cay nồng ngọt đắng chua tanh |
Adjectives for taste: fragrant rotten foul spicy strong sweet bitter sour fishy |
|
Tính từ chỉ cách thức, mức độ: xa gần đủ nhanh chậm lề mề |
Adjectives showing manner and degree: far near enough fast slow |
|
Tính từ chỉ lượng/dung lượng: nặng nhẹ đầy vơi nông sâu vắng đông |
Adjectives for volume/capacity: heavy light full empty shallow deep empty crowded |
Lemon is sour
A characteristic is a distinctive feature of something (can be a person, an animal, a thing, a tree). Characteristics of an object are mainly external features (appearance) that we can directly perceive through eyes, ears, hands touching, nose smelling.
These are its own features, its own look of color, shapes, shapes, sounds, etc. of things. The characteristics of an object can also be internal characteristics that can be recognized through observation, inference, generalization. Those are the characteristics of a person's temperament, psychology, personality, durability, value of an object... But mostly it will be more in favor of external characteristics.
Tính từ chỉ đặc điểm bên ngoài: xinh, đẹp, cao, thấp, rộng, hẹp, xanh, đỏ,
(Adjectives indicating external characteristics: pretty, beautiful, tall, short, wide, narrow, blue, red)
Ex:
Cô gái kia cao quá!
(That girl is so tall!)
Lá cây chuyển vàng vào mùa thu.
(The leaves turn yellow in the fall.)
Tính từ chỉ đặc điểm bên trong: chăm chỉ, ngoan, bền, chắc,…
(Adjectives indicating inner characteristics: hard-working, obedient, durable, firm,...)
Ex:
Con gái tôi học lớp 7. Bé rất ngoan.
(My daughter is in 7th grade. She is very good.)
Cái vali này rất nhẹ.
(This suitcase is very light.)
'Cao' in Vietnamese means 'tall'
This is also to indicate specific characteristics of things and phenomena. Including social nature, life phenomenon or nature.
This adjective mainly expresses inner qualities. Things that we cannot see, see, touch, or smell. But we have to observe, analyze, and synthesize to know. There are the following common adjectives: Tốt, xấu, ngoan, hư, nặng ,nhẹ, sâu sắc, thân thiện, vui vẻ, hiệu quả, thiết thực, dễ gần, hào phóng, lười biếng…
Examples of adjectives of character
Adjectives of character are a characteristic used to distinguish one thing from another.
Ex: Tính chất của nước là không màu không mùi, không vị.
(Water is colorless, odorless and tasteless.)
Tính chất của metan là nhẹ, không màu, không mùi.
(Methane is a gas, colorless and odorless.)
Buổi đi chơi hôm nay rất thú vị.
(Today's outing was very interesting.)
Cô ấy rất lười biếng.
(She is very lazy.)
Status adjectives are words that indicate the state of a person, thing, or phenomenon in a short or long period of time. This word expresses objective phenomena in life. Some common state adjectives: hôn mê, ốm, khỏe, khổ, đau, yên tĩnh, ồn ào…
Ex:
Thành phố thật náo nhiệt.
(What a Bustling city.)
Vì bị ốm nên tôi không thể đi học được.
(Because I was sick, I couldn't go to school.)
Vui vẻ is also a adjective for status
Regarding human personality, there are some adjectives that describe Vietnamese personality such as:
| Vietnamese | English |
| Chăm chỉ - Lười biếng | Industrious - Lazy |
| Thông minh - Ngu dốt | Smart - Stupid |
| Nhanh nhẹn - Chậm | Quick - Slow |
| Cẩn thận, chu đáo - Cẩu thả | Careful, Attentive - Sloppy |
| Thật thà - Lươn lẹo | Honesty - Dishonesty |
| Tốt bụng - Xấu tính | Kind - Mean |
| Dễ gần - khó gần | Friendly - Unfriendly |
| Điềm đạm - Nóng nảy, cộc cằn | Calm - Hot tempered, grumpy |
| Dễ tính - Khó tính | Easy - Strict |
| Niềm nở - Lãnh đạm | Cheerfulness - Apathetic |
| Ham học - Lười học | Eager to learn - Lazy to study |
| Vietnamese | English |
| mặn vừa phải - nhạt, lạt | salty, moderate - light, bland |
|
ngọt đắng cay chát nóng lạnh nồng chua tanh |
sweet bitter spicy acrid hot cold hot sour fishy |
|
thơm thối thum thủm thoang thoảng nồng nặc |
fragrant rotten thumping faint intense |
| Vietnamese | English |
|
cao - thấp - vừa phải nặng - nhẹ nghiêm trọng - nhẹ bình thường, nhanh - chậm |
high - low - moderate heavy - light severe - mild normal, fast - slow |
This lesson has shown different kinds of adjectives in Vietnamese. Hopefully that will help you to improve your grammar skills.
Tags: learn Vietnamese, learn Vietnamese grammar, learn Vietnamese adjectives, learn Vietnamese for beginners, learn Vietnamese structure, learn Vietnamese words, learn Vietnamese, type of adjectives in Vietnamese
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